A high-quality checklist is of great significance to plant taxonomy, ecology, geography, and the utilization of plant resources. Unfortunately, since the 1980s, the checklist of Heilongjiang Province has not been fully updated for a long time, which has seriously hindered related research. This paper attempts to obtain a credible province-wide checklist and county-level plant distribution data. The TNRS (Taxonomic Name Resolution) was used to correct the spelling of scientific names. And the scientific name adopts the viewpoints in the Catalogue of Life China (2021). The checklist mainly refers to documents, i.e. Catalogue of Life China (2021), Key of Plants of Northeastern China (2nd edn), Flora of Heilongjiang, Ligneous Flora of Heilongjiang, Distribution Atlas of Northeast China Plant, Flora Plantarum Herbacearum Chinae Boreali-Orientalis, some articles and specimen data (from NSII, GBIF, NEFI, NEAU, IFP) to locate the species distribution in county-level divisions. A total of 2,276 species (subspecies and varieties) belonging to 651 genera and 132 families of tracheophyte in Heilongjiang Province were counted, including 17 species belonging to 6 genera and 2 families of lycopods, 81 species belonging to 34 genera, and 16 families of pteridophytes, 20 species belonging to 6 genera and 3 families of gymnosperms, and 2,158 species belonging to 605 genera and 111 families of angiosperms. Among them the families of Asteraceae (67 genera, 258 species), Poaceae (61 genera, 187 species), Cyperaceae (14 genera, 174 species), Ranunculaceae (18 genera, 124 species) and Rosaceae (24 genera, 112 species) contain a large number of species.